What does mass measure in terms of an object?

Mass measures how much matter an object contains. It is a fundamental property of matter and does not change regardless of the object's location in the universe. This means that whether an object is on Earth, on the Moon, or in space, its mass remains constant.

In the context of physics, mass is often distinguished from weight, which is the force exerted by gravity on that mass. This distinction is important because an object's weight can change depending on the gravitational field it is in, while its mass will not.

Understanding mass is essential in various scientific fields, including physics and chemistry, as it relates directly to concepts such as inertia (the resistance to change in motion) and the behavior of objects in motion. The other choices represent related concepts but do not accurately define what mass itself measures.