What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the cell by synthesizing proteins. This process, known as translation, occurs when ribosomes read the sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA) and use that genetic information to link amino acids together in a specific order to form a protein. Proteins are essential for many cellular functions, including structure, enzyme activity, and regulation of biological processes.

Ribosomes can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is known as rough ER. Regardless of their location, their fundamental role remains the same: to translate genetic information into functional proteins, making them vital for cell growth, repair, and overall functioning.