What process leads to the formation of metamorphic rocks?

The formation of metamorphic rocks primarily occurs due to temperature, pressure, or chemical alteration, making this choice the most accurate. Metamorphic rocks originate from existing rocks (either igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks) that undergo changes due to intense heat, increased pressure, or the influence of chemically active fluids.

Under conditions of high temperature and pressure, the mineral structure and composition of the original rock can transform, leading to the emergence of new minerals and textures that are characteristic of metamorphic rocks. This process can result in foliation, where minerals align in a parallel fashion, or can create a more granular texture depending on the conditions and composition of the parent rock.

The other processes described in the options contribute to different types of rock formation: cooling and solidifying of magma leads to igneous rocks, compaction and cementation are critical in the formation of sedimentary rocks, and exposure to wind and erosion primarily influences sediment transport and shaping rather than the creation of metamorphic rocks. Thus, the correct answer firmly highlights the specific conditions required for metamorphic rock formation.