What type of plant is characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed by an ovary?

The type of plant characterized by having seeds that are not enclosed by an ovary is gymnosperms. Gymnosperms, such as conifers (pines, spruces, firs), produce seeds that are exposed or borne on the surface of woody cones or other structures. The term "gymnosperm" itself means "naked seeds," highlighting the fact that their seeds are not enclosed within a fruit, contrasting with angiosperms, which do develop seeds within an ovary that matures into a fruit.

Gymnosperms primarily reproduce using cones and do not require water for fertilization, unlike some other plant types such as bryophytes, which typically depend on moist environments for reproduction. Fungi, on the other hand, are not plants at all, as they belong to a separate kingdom and have a completely different reproductive system.