What type of star is classified as a "G2V star"?

A "G2V star" is classified as a yellow dwarf. This classification comes from the stellar classification system, where "G" denotes the star's surface temperature and spectral characteristics. G-type stars include those that have a yellow hue due to their surface temperatures, which range between about 5,300 to 6,000 Kelvin. The "2" indicates that this star is part of the second subclass in the G category, while the "V" signifies that it is a main-sequence star, meaning it is fusing hydrogen into helium in its core.

Yellow dwarfs like our Sun (which is classified as a G2V star) are crucial in understanding stellar evolution and the conditions suitable for life, as they provide stable energy output over billions of years. This stability allows for the formation of planetary systems in their habitable zones, where life can potentially thrive.

Other classifications mentioned, such as red giants, blue dwarfs, and white dwarfs, represent different stages in stellar evolution and possess distinct characteristics and lifecycle processes that do not match the criteria for a G2V designation.