Which divisions make up the autonomic nervous system?

The autonomic nervous system is primarily divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to muscles, which helps the body respond to stress. In contrast, the parasympathetic division is responsible for 'rest and digest' functions, promoting a state of calm that allows the body to conserve energy and carry out maintenance activities, such as digestion and reduced heart rate.

These two divisions work in tandem to maintain homeostasis, balancing the body's involuntary functions. The sympathetic division activates certain physiological pathways, while the parasympathetic division counters those actions to restore a state of equilibrium. Understanding this duality is crucial in grasping how the autonomic nervous system regulates bodily functions without conscious effort.