Which heat transfer process results in the rise of heated fluids?

The process that leads to the rise of heated fluids is convection. Convection occurs when a fluid (which can be a liquid or gas) is heated, causing the molecules within it to gain energy and move more rapidly. As the fluid heats up, it becomes less dense and rises, while the cooler, denser fluid sinks. This movement creates a circulation pattern, allowing for efficient heat transfer within the fluid.

In contrast, conduction involves direct transfer of heat through a material without the movement of the material itself, primarily occurring in solids. Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, which does not require a medium and can occur in a vacuum. Subduction is a geological process related to tectonic plates and is not associated with heat transfer in fluids.