Which of the following roles do centrioles play in cellular processes?

Centrioles play a crucial role in cell division, specifically during mitosis. Their primary function is to organize and form spindle fibers, which are essential for separating chromosomes into daughter cells. During mitosis, centrioles duplicate and migrate to opposite poles of the cell, helping to ensure that the genetic material is accurately distributed. This is a vital process for maintaining the correct number of chromosomes in each new cell.

The other options involve processes that do not relate to the specific function of centrioles. For example, photosynthesis and cellular respiration are processes related to energy conversion and are mainly carried out by chloroplasts and mitochondria, respectively, while protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes, not in centrioles. Thus, option C correctly identifies the unique and important role that centrioles hold in cellular processes, particularly during cell division.