Which types of planets does not include terrestrial planets?

The correct answer is that jovian planets and gas giants do not include terrestrial planets.

Terrestrial planets are those that are primarily composed of rock and metal, characterized by solid surfaces, and include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. In contrast, jovian planets (which include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are significantly different in composition. They are primarily composed of gases and, in some cases, ices, which gives them a much less solid and more extensive atmosphere than terrestrial planets.

Gas giants, specifically, refer to the group of jovian planets that are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium with no well-defined solid surface. This further emphasizes the distinction from terrestrial planets, which have solid surfaces.

Therefore, both jovian planets and gas giants represent types of planets that do not fall into the terrestrial category due to their gaseous and sometimes icy compositions, making D the correct answer.